Diseases, Abnormalities and Disorders of the Human Excretion System along with Pictures

The excretion system in humans consists of four organs, namely the kidneys, skin, liver / liver, and lungs. These organs secrete different metabolic substances. Excretion tool serves to maintain the body's homeostasis (balance) by means of osmoregulation. If the excretory organs experience abnormalities, diseases, or disorders, it will disrupt the osmoregulation process in the body. The following is a description of Diseases, Abnormalities and Disorders in the Excretion System in Humans.

1. Abnormalities / disorders of the kidneys

The human kidney is the main organ in the system of excretion. If there is interference with the kidneys, it will interfere with the excretion system. Severe injuries, loss of blood, poisoning of certain substances, and certain diseases that can interfere with kidney function, especially can cause disruption in the process of urine formation. Some abnormalities or disorders in the renal excretion system include the following:

a. Kidney failure and uremia
Failure of acute kidney function can result in sudden nephritis, bleeding and kidney function. A common symptom is the absence of a urine formation process called anuria. This symptom is dangerous because it can cause uremia. Uremia is the passage of urine into the bloodstream caused by a leak in one of the channels in the nephron. As a result of these conditions, absorption of water by the blood will be disrupted, resulting in accumulation of water in the feet and swelling (edema), as well as other organs.

b. Nephritis
Nephritis is inflammation (inflammation) in the nephron caused by the infection of Streptococcus bacteria that enters the body through the respiratory tract. From the respiratory tract, bacteria are carried by blood to the kidneys. Inflammation of the kidneys causes proteins that enter with primary urine to not be filtered (filtration) so that it can cause primary urine to come out with urine. Chronic nephritis generally occurs in the elderly with a marked high blood pressure (hypertension), hardening of the arteries in the kidneys, and damage to the glomerulus or tubules.

c. Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is a disease condition caused by the pituitary gland that fails to secrete antidiuretic hormone. As a result, urinary excretion increases. Normally the excreted urine is between 4-6 liters per day, but this patient can reach 12-15 liters per day, depending on the volume of water drunk. People with diabetes insipidus generally experience dehydration and electrolyte secretion from body fluids. However, this tendency can be balanced by the desire to drink and eat foods that contain more salt. This disease is generally caused by a tumor in the hypothalamic or pituitary gland so that it can cause damage in the hypothalamus that regulates the secretion of antidiuretic hormones.

d. Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus, known as diabetes, is the presence of glucose in the urine (glucosuria) caused by a decrease in the hormone insulin produced by the pancreas. The decrease in the hormone insulin causes disruption of the process of glycogen to glucose and glucose reabsorption in the glomerulus.

e. Albuminaria
Albuminuria is the presence of albumin molecules and other proteins in the urine. The cause of albuminaria is due to damage to the filtration device in the kidneys so that the protein can escape during the filtration process.

f. Urinating stone
Urinary stones or kidney stones, namely the formation of grains of calcium compounds and accumulation of uric acid, so that it can cause the formation of CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) in the kidneys or urinary tract which can cause difficulty urinating. Stone urine can be caused by hormonal factors (produced by parathyroid goitre glands) and caused by lack of drinking or often holding back urination.

2. Liver Disorders / Liver Disorders

a. Hepatitis
One of the diseases in the liver excretion system is hepatitis caused by a virus. There are several types of hepatitis including Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and autoimmune hepatitis. The main symptom of this disease is inflammation of the liver.

b. Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is a liver disease in the form of tissue death so that damage occurs. The cause can be caused by hepatitis and harmful substances such as alcohol.

3. Skin Disorders / Disorders

a. Skin cancer
b. Eczema
c. Warts
d. Acne
e. Panu
f. Ringworm
g. Scabies
h. Yaws

4. Disorders / abnormalities in the lungs

a. Pneumonia
b. Bronchitis
c. Tuberculosis (TB)
d. Asthma
e. Emphysema
f. Pneumothorax
g. Pleural Effusion

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